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Fluency: Calculating Oral Reading Fluency (ORF)
Directions for computing a student’s words correct per minute (wcpm) score after doing an oral reading fluency (ORF) check.
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Fluency: Text Reading Levels
Defines independent, instructional, and frustrational levels. Also describes how to calcluate a student's reading accuracy percentage.
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Effective Instruction, Reflection Activity: Improving My Teaching
Provides tool for teachers to reflect on and plan next steps for improving their literacy instruction. Has teachers consider multiple instructional dimensions, including the five reading components, writing, scaffolding, effective instructional features, differentiation, and progress monitoring.
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Comprehension: Thinking Aloud to Teach Self-Monitoring (Example)
Provides an example of a teacher thinking aloud to model comprehension-monitoring during reading.
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Comprehension: Scaffolding for Struggling Readers
Provides a list of scaffolds to support students' comprehension. Includes using small-group instruction, modeling, and providing effective feedback.
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Comprehension: Questioning Techniques
Guidelines for asking students questions at different levels and scaffolding their responses.
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Effective Instruction: Guidelines for Classroom Management
Suggestions for organizing the classroom to optimize learning.
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Effective Instruction: Grouping for Instruction
Guidelines for using various grouping formats, including whole group, teacher-led small groups, partners, and cooperative groups. Includes suggestions for managing groups and a reflection activity for teachers.
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